Research provides insights into ion hydration in water-based solutions for industrial design and manufacturing

https://phys.org/news/2023-08-insights-ion-hydration-water-based-solutions.html

"pseudo-main-group cations interact with water through 2 intermolecular forces, Coulomb and Van der Waals... lower charge density ions interact with more water molecules weakly  bonding with each other... 11 orders magnitude difference hydration water residence times... tuning ion size and charge to specific combinations, realize bond-orientational order hydrated water molecules develop and stabilize hydration shell, highly stable ion hydration... chemistry, biology, materials science, RNA-based medical therapeutics"