Chloride ions from seawater could replace lithium in batteries of the future

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-08-chloride-ions-seawater-lithium-batteries.html

"redox... iron oxide (U.S. produces >15 MM tons/ yr. scrap iron waste not recycled, much as rust) and hydroxides... chloride ion insertion into Fe(OH)2 layered double hydroxide formed a Green Rust intermediate crystalline material, which assisted a one-charge transfer Fe(OH)2/FeOOH conversion reaction and improved cycling stability... . Therefore, the reported rechargeable alkaline iron battery chemistry helps repurpose the iron rust waste materials for modern energy storage"

Related: Iron batteries offer an energy transition lesson
https://ciphernews.com/articles/iron-batteries-offer-an-energy-transition-lesson/