Two types of ultrafast mode-locking operations generation from an Er-doped fiber laser based on germanene nanosheets

https://phys.org/news/2023-07-ultrafast-mode-locking-generation-er-doped-fiber.html

"fiber laser modulation switches, 2D (excellent nonlinear optical properties) and saturable absorbers (linear polarization rotation and amplification loop mirror)... Using it as a saturable absorber, the femtosecond pulse and higher energy noise-like pulse can be obtained"

Related: Composite 2D materials for fiber lasers show promise for ultrafast optics applications

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-composite-2d-materials-fiber-lasers.html