Fabrication of nanoscale photonic crystals with an ultrafast laser

https://phys.org/news/2023-07-fabrication-nanoscale-photonic-crystals-ultrafast.html

"tightly focusing multi-beam light field with controllable 3D spatial distribution inside crystal combining chemical etching... binary phase period and laser flux jointly affect size and gap... adjusting grayscale binary phase and superposition method of final phase, multi-beam light field with controllable laser flux distribution and 3D spatial structure... Simple operation and low cost, precise structure dimension and gap controls fabrication photonic crystal unit cells... optical communication and light manipulation"