Chip-scale integration of multiple optical devices onto single substrate photonics

https://phys.org/news/2023-06-photonic-future-chip-scale-applications.html

"reduced size, cost, and power consumption... indium phosphide-based photonic integration and monolithic silicon photonics... excellent passive performance, temperature-insensitive modulators, and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor... light source, modulator, photodiode, waveguide and Y-branch splitter based on gallium nitride-on-silicon... negligible cross talk, isolation between light source and modulator on same waveguide through p-contact layer separation"

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