Mechanisms of ultra-fast gigahertz burst femtosecond laser ablation

https://phys.org/news/2023-03-mechanisms-ultra-fast-gigahertz-femtosecond-laser.html

"molten liquid removal while halting material removal after burst irradiation... atmospheric pressure... improved efficiency... material vaporization at center, and liquid ejection form molten pool edge via fast, radially outward fluid motion, recoil pressure exerted by vaporization... scattering images released timescale later than 300s, irradiation spot cooled down to inhibit materials removal... GHz bursts 50–200 pulses via multimodal probing...  laser processing, machining, printing and spectroscopic diagnostics"