Understanding of point defect mechanism boosts photovoltaic performance of antimony selenosulfide

https://phys.org/news/2023-01-defect-mechanism-boosts-photovoltaic-antimony.html

"initial hydrothermal deposition causes point defects with high formation energy... result of random deposition of ions driven in hydrothermal condition... Post-annealing and thin-film crystallization led to loss of sulfur and selenium anions and formation vacancy defect... antimony ions transfer and fill anion vacancies, eventually forming SbS(e) inversion defect... provides guidance for designing methods to produce films and inhibiting the formation of deep-level point defects"