How different shade conditions impact performance of solar cells connected in series

 https://techxplore.com/news/2022-09-conditions-impact-solar-cells-series.html

"decrease in output current of a single cell or two cells connected in parallel was nearly identical to the ratio of shade to sunlight. However, for two cells running in series, there was excess power loss and a rise in temperature, which can cause further output degradation. For example, with 29.6% of the series photovoltaic module in the shade, the current decreased by 57.6%... shadow area, shadows on different cells of the module, and the connection of cells and modules, may affect the performance"