Thermoelectrics: From heat to electricity

https://phys.org/news/2022-07-thermoelectrics-electricity.html

"heated the material to very high temperatures, close to the melting point... high temperatures atoms vibrate so strongly swap their lattice positions... iron atoms located where vanadium atoms were before... atomic confusion which occurs at high temperatures... rapid cooling in water bath... regularity of atoms simplifies description of physical properties... imperfections account for most of thermoelectric performance"

Related: New high-power thermoelectric device may provide cooling in next-gen electronics

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-07-high-power-thermoelectric-device-cooling-next-gen.html