Ultrafast lasers used to probe next-generation solar cells

https://phys.org/news/2022-06-ultrafast-lasers-probe-next-generation-solar.html

"time-resolved X-ray technique, which can now be applied to a wider range of materials and may provide the understanding needed for making more efficient OPV devices... first step of solar energy conversion reactions in material caused by striking of light....fired laser pulse lasting 15 femtoseconds at material... X-ray pulse lasting attoseconds measured resultant changes in material... direct X-ray signatures initial state material when electrons are knocked out of position... creates electron and hole pair"